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TURBIDITY OF WATER



TURBIDITY OF WATER

Turbidity is one of the indicator parameters of water that gives an insight into the quality of water, a turbid water will always be undesirable and it is one of the major problem of water and water treatment. What is Turbidity? Scientifically turbidity is the measurement of relative clarity of a liquid. Turbidity is the amount of cloudiness in water. Turbidity of water is caused by suspended or dissolved particles in water; these particles can include clay, silt, fine organic and inorganic matters, algae and other micro organisms.



Turbidity of water as an important factor in determining the quality of water has a specification set by World Health Organization[WHO] for drinking water, although most water treatment plants strive to achieve as low as 0NTU, but WHO and EPA stated that for drinking water the turbidity should ideally be below 1NTU and should not exceed 5NTU. The unit of turbidity is NTU, although there are other units such as JTU, but, we will limit ourselves to NTU, what is NTU and what does it mean by 1NTU? NTU means Nephrometric Turbidity Unit. A unit measuring the Lack of clarity of water,a measurement of the presence of suspended particles, a turbidity meter is used for the measurement as shown in the image below, this turbidity meter is an optical device that measures the amount of light that is scattered by materials in the water sample been tested/analyzed, when a light is shined through the water sample, the lower the intensity of scattered light the lower the turbidity while on the other hand, the higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity.

Table Top Turbidity Meter


Water with high turbidity apart from aesthetic problem can also lead to gastrointestinal disease and other diseases due to micro organisms and presence of heavy metals, high turbidity is also a problem during water treatment, the high turbidity must be treated first before disinfection of water commence because high turbidity will interfere with disinfection and provide shield and nutrients for micro organisms. Turbidity of water is usually treated by flocculation/coagulation to remove the turbidity, both plants and chemical flocculants/coagulants can be employed to achieved the desired treatment, the turbid water should be allow to sediment, after proper sedimentation then filtration can be applied. Turbidity is also another indicator that helps us to evaluate the effectiveness of a water treatment plant.









The picture above shows different level of water turbidity




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