MyCleanWater Nigeria

Iron is one of the major secondary contaminant in both domestic and industrial water supply. Iron have caused water industries several billions of dollars . Iron is the second most abundant metal in the earth's crust behind Aluminum(8%), of which iron accounts for about 5%. Elemental iron is rarely found in nature, as the iron ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ readily combine with oxygen- and sulfur-containing compounds to form oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and sulfides. As rain fall, rain water infiltrates the soil and underlying geologic formations and dissolves iron, causing it to seep into aquifers that serve as sources of groundwater for wells. In surface water, such as rivers and lakes, dissolved iron is hardly ever found, because it readily reacts with oxygen, forms insoluble compounds and sinks out into the bottom of the water body. Iron is seldom found at concentrations greater than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 10 parts per million. The iron that seep into the sources of g...

Back Washing is a term used in water treatment to describe the process by which trapped or filtered contaminants in water during water treatment process are discharge or remove from the water treatment module. Figure 1 below shows a mini water treatment module, while figure 2 below shows a large pressure water treatment module( A Pressure Sand Filter Tank) Fig. 1. Treatment Module Fig. 2. Large Pressure Water Treatment Module Back Washing is a broad term which have different definition and meaning, but, in context to our lesson, it is best describe as above. Back Washing technically involved passing water in a reverse direction against the normal direction of water flow into and out of our water treatment module, during this reverse process the contaminants that were trapped such as particles, debris, flocs, e.t.c are removed or discharged from our water treatment module either into the  environment or into a waste water treatment plant. Figure 3 shows the back wa...

Water is an essential commodity to life. In fact, water is life, and a clean portable water is wealth. No human or animal can survive without water for a very long period of time, no matter the alternative available to such individual. It is believed that about 70% of our body mass is made up of water and also that water occupied most part of the earth than dry land. The availability of water do not mean water will be available for usage, many people live in the mist of water and yet they lack water to drink, not because there is no water but, because the available water is in an undesirable state. In order to solve this problem man devised a means to treat water, to make available water useful. Water treatment employed various methods or techniques to treat water to a desired purpose. These methods or technologies varied from simple method to complex method depending on the desired purpose whether for domestic or industrial or agricultural purpose or otherwise. From time immemor...

Boiling is the oldest method of household water treatment, and today it's practiced by an estimated 600 million people around the world Boiling of Water Heat, in fact, kills through different mechanisms heat impacts enzymes and causes them to denature and become non functional. It can affect the proteins that make up cells and cause them to unfold and change their shape. And also within a cell it can increase the pressure which damages cells.  We'll look at two broad classes of heat treatment; boiling and pasteurization. To understand how heat disinfection works we have to first think a little bit about temperature and pressure, and recognize that pressure affects the boiling point. If the pressure is higher, then the boiling point can be higher. And in fact, this is how an autoclave works with steam sterilization and high pressure about one bar above atmospheric pressure and that allows water to reach 121 degrees Celsius. And if it's kept there for 15 minutes under steam i...

When Your Water Suddenly Turns Green Water turns green On 8 July, 2019 NAFDAC issued a public alert on some lots of a particular batch Eva table water produced by Nigeria Bottling Company(NBC) that have turned green, although NAFDAC also have published another statement on the same green Eva Bottle Water giving the general public confidence on the quality of Eva Bottled Water produced by NBC. One thing NAFDAC did not do is to make their findings public, it is a confidential report that can only be requested since their finding may not demaging and of no threat to the general public, but, what really may be wrong with those lots of eva bottled water, why is the whole batch not affected or why is the entire production for that day not affected, with these questions and more we will be discussing in the next paragraphs to try know the possible cause of the problem. What can be responsible for this unusual occurence? When water turns green, whether treated water or untreated ...

Electrical conductivity is the measure of the capacity of water to conduct electricity.  Electrical Conductivity is one of the important parameters of the quality of water apart from health concern, it also indicate the likely source of water or environment and possible useful information about the structure of underground water. Sources of electrical conductivity is the environment. Implications of  Electrical conductivity Electrical conductivity of water indicates the following 1. The nature of the water, fresh or saline water 2. The origin of the water Health concern When the electrical conductivity of water exceed about 370S/cm3 1. It will results in disturbance of water and salt balance in children. 2. Increase blood pressure of heart patients and renal patients. 3. Laxative effect when sulphate concentration is high 4. Cannot effectively quench your thirst The problem of high Electrical conductivity can treated through the following treatment method ...

Ultra Violet Lamp We'll look at both artificial and natural radiations, which needs electricity and lamps to generate the energy, and natural radiation, making use of the sun's energy for solar disinfection. Ultraviolet radiation is one type of energy along the electromagnetic spectrum, where different kinds of radiation are defined by their wavelength. Ultraviolet has wavelengths in the 100 to 400 nano meter range, whereas the visible light is in the 400 to 700 nano meter range. If we zoom in on this range we can define some subcategories. 1.The lowest wavelength we call vacuum UV. It only exists in the vacuum, but then we have UV-C, or deep ultraviolet, where the germicidal peak at 260 nano meters is found. Then you've got UV-B and UV-A shading into the visible light spectrum from 400-700 nano meters. Now in order to describe the efficacy of UV light against different types of pathogens, weneeds to first define the dose. And just as for heat, it's importan...

Types of Water Treatment Method Water treatment method is the design of a water treatment plant designed to treat a particular type of water with specific pollution problem. First of all the water to be treated must be defined.   A proper laboratory analysis must be done to ascertained the level of pollution and contaminants present in the water. Secondly, our desired result must also be defined. From the above we can then chose a particular type of water treatment plant that can achieve our desired result. We have the following types of water treatment plant 1. Multiple Barrier System 2. Reverse Osmosis System 3. Soft Water Treatment Plant 4. Deionized Water Treatment Plant 5. Demineralized Water Treatment Plant. 6. Distillation System 7. Household Water Treatment Deionized Water Treatment Plant The above water treatment plant systems are designed to achieve a particular purpose and to treat some certain kind of water with specific pollution problem. Although t...

Experts hope that with the incoming Biden administration, the federal government will finally regulate a class of chemicals known as PFASs Credit:  Thomas Trutschel   Getty Images Many Americans fill up a glass of water from their faucet without worrying whether it might be dangerous. But the crisis of lead-tainted water in Flint, Mich., showed that safe, potable tap water is not a given in this country. Now a study from the Environmental Working Group (EWG), a nonprofit advocacy organization, reveals a widespread problem: the drinking water of a majority of Americans likely  contains “forever chemicals.”  These compounds may take hundreds, or even thousands, of years to break down in the environment. They can also persist in the human body, potentially causing health problems. A handful of states have set about trying to address these contaminants, which are scientifically known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). But no federal limits have bee...

A new generation of tech uses heat from the sun to provide clean, salt-free water Solar-thermal technologies could process seawater and groundwater to make it drinkable at less cost. Credit: Warren Keelan In an increasingly hot and crowded world, clean water is becoming a precious commodity. Two thirds of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water by 2025, and removing salt and contaminants from the oceans and groundwater is one way to slake humanity's thirst. Today's large desalination plants, though, cost millions of dollars to build. Most use reverse osmosis, which forces seawater through salt-blocking membranes. The required electricity accounts for up to  half of a plant's expenses , and the process leaves behind a supersalty, chemical-laced soup that can  harm local ecosystems . Such facilities are typically powered by carbon-emitting fossil fuels; efforts have been made (especially in the Middle East, Asia and Africa) to use solar panels instead, ...